Browse OBC — Part 4 — Structural Design

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Content on this site is based on the Ontario Building Code, Ontario Regulation 5/25, as published on e-Laws and last updated January 16, 2025. This site includes excerpts from Division B — Parts 1, 3–12 only. Division A, Division C, and the Appendices are not included.

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4.1.1.1 — Scope
4.1.1.2 — Reserved
4.1.1.3 — Design Requirements
4.1.1.4 — Design Basis
4.1.2.1 — Loads and Effects
4.1.2.2 — Loads Not Listed
4.1.3.1 — Definitions
4.1.3.2 — Strength and Stability
4.1.3.3 — Fatigue
4.1.3.4 — Serviceability
4.1.3.5 — Deflection
4.1.3.6 — Vibration
4.1.4.1 — Dead Loads
4.1.5.1 — Loads Due to Use of Floors and Roofs
4.1.5.2 — Uses Not Stipulated
4.1.5.3 — Full and Partial Loading
4.1.5.4 — Loads for Occupancy Served
4.1.5.5 — Loads on Exterior Areas
4.1.5.6 — Loads for Dining Areas
4.1.5.7 — More Than One Occupancy
4.1.5.8 — Variation with Tributary Area
4.1.5.9 — Concentrated Loads
4.1.5.10 — Sway Forces in Assembly Occupancies
4.1.5.11 — Crane-Supporting Structures and Impact of Machinery and Equipment
4.1.5.12 — Bleachers
4.1.5.13 — Helicopter Landing Areas
4.1.5.14 — Loads on Guards and Handrails
4.1.5.15 — Loads on Vehicle Guardrails
4.1.5.16 — Loads on Walls Acting As Guards
4.1.5.17 — Firewalls
4.1.6.1 — Specified Load Due to Rain or to Snow and Associated Rain
4.1.6.2 — Specified Snow Load
4.1.6.3 — Full and Partial Loading
4.1.6.4 — Specified Rain Load
4.1.6.5 — Multi-Level Roofs
4.1.6.6 — Horizontal Gap between a Roof and a Higher Roof
4.1.6.7 — Areas Adjacent to Roof Projections
4.1.6.8 — Snow Drift at Corners
4.1.6.9 — Gable Roofs
4.1.6.10 — Arch Roofs, Curved Roofs and Domes
4.1.6.11 — Snow Loads Due to Sliding
4.1.6.12 — Valleys in Curved or Sloped Roofs
4.1.6.13 — Specific Weight of Snow
4.1.6.14 — Snow Removal
4.1.6.15 — Ice Loading of Structures
4.1.7.1 — Specified Wind Load
4.1.7.2 — Classification of Buildings
4.1.7.3 — Static Procedure
4.1.7.4 — Topographic Factor
4.1.7.5 — External Pressure Coefficients
4.1.7.6 — External Pressure Coefficients for Low Buildings
4.1.7.7 — Internal Pressure Coefficient
4.1.7.8 — Dynamic Procedure
4.1.7.9 — Full and Partial Wind Loading
4.1.7.10 — Interior Walls and Partitions
4.1.7.11 — Exterior Ornamentations, Equipment and Appendages
4.1.7.12 — Wind Tunnel Procedure
4.1.8.1 — Analysis
4.1.8.2 — Notation
4.1.8.3 — General Requirements
4.1.8.4 — Site Properties
4.1.8.5 — Importance Factor
4.1.8.6 — Structural Configuration
4.1.8.7 — Methods of Analysis
4.1.8.8 — Direction of Loading
4.1.8.9 — SFRS Force Reduction Factors, System Overstrength Factors, and General Restrictions
4.1.8.10 — Additional System Restrictions
4.1.8.11 — Equivalent Static Force Procedure for Structures Satisfying the Conditions of Article 4.1.8.7.
4.1.8.12 — Dynamic Analysis Procedure
4.1.8.13 — Deflections and Drift Limits
4.1.8.14 — Structural Separation
4.1.8.15 — Design Provisions
4.1.8.16 — Foundation Provisions
4.1.8.17 — Site Stability
4.1.8.18 — Elements of Structures, Non-structural Components and Equipment
4.1.8.19 — Seismic Isolation
4.1.8.20 — Seismic Isolation Design Provisions
4.1.8.21 — Supplemental Energy Dissipation
4.1.8.22 — Supplemental Energy Dissipation Design Considerations
4.2.1.1 — Application
4.2.2.1 — Subsurface Investigation
4.2.2.2 — Field Review
4.2.2.3 — Altered Subsurface Condition
4.2.3.1 — Wood
4.2.3.2 — Preservation Treatment of Wood
4.2.3.3 — Plain and Reinforced Masonry
4.2.3.4 — Prevention of Deterioration of Masonry
4.2.3.5 — Concrete
4.2.3.6 — Protection Against Chemical Attack
4.2.3.7 — Steel
4.2.3.8 — Steel Piles
4.2.3.9 — High Strength Steel Tendons
4.2.3.10 — Corrosion of Steel
4.2.4.1 — Design Basis
4.2.4.2 — Subsurface Investigation
4.2.4.3 — Identification
4.2.4.4 — Depth of Foundations
4.2.4.5 — Sloping Ground
4.2.4.6 — Eccentric and Inclined Loads
4.2.4.7 — Dynamic Loading
4.2.4.8 — Hydrostatic Uplift
4.2.4.9 — Groundwater Level Change
4.2.4.10 — Permafrost
4.2.4.11 — Swelling and Shrinking Soils
4.2.4.12 — Expanding and Deteriorating Rock
4.2.4.13 — Construction on Fill
4.2.4.14 — Structural Design
4.2.5.1 — Design of Excavations
4.2.5.2 — Excavation Construction
4.2.5.3 — Supported Excavations
4.2.5.4 — Unsupported Excavations
4.2.5.5 — Control of Water Around Excavations
4.2.5.6 — Loss of Ground
4.2.5.7 — Protection and Maintenance at Excavations
4.2.5.8 — Backfilling
4.2.6.1 — Design of Shallow Foundations
4.2.6.2 — Support of Shallow Foundations
4.2.6.3 — Incorrect Placement of Shallow Foundations
4.2.6.4 — Damaged Shallow Foundations
4.2.7.1 — General
4.2.7.2 — Design for Deep Foundations
4.2.7.3 — Tolerance in Alignment and Location
4.2.7.4 — Incorrect Alignment and Location
4.2.7.5 — Installation of Deep Foundations
4.2.7.6 — Damaged Deep Foundation Units
4.2.8.1 — General
4.2.8.2 — Use of Existing Foundations
4.3.1.1 — Design Basis for Wood
4.3.1.2 — Glue-Laminated Members
4.3.1.3 — Termites
4.3.2.1 — Design Basis for Plain and Reinforced Masonry
4.3.3.1 — Design Basis for Plain, Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete
4.3.4.1 — Design Basis for Structural Steel
4.3.4.2 — Design Basis for Cold Formed Steel
4.3.4.3 — Steel Building Systems
4.3.5.1 — Design Basis for Aluminium
4.3.6.1 — Design Basis for Glass
4.4.1.1 — Design Basis for Air-Supported Structures
4.4.2.1 — Design Basis for Storage Garages and Repair Garages
4.4.3.1 — Guards over Retaining Walls
4.4.4.1 — Anchor Systems on Building Exterior
4.4.5.1 — Liquid Manure Storage Tanks